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The Holiday · The Exodus

The Exodus

From Egyptian bondage to the sea that parted before freedom.

Out of Egypt

The night that changed history

The story of the Exodus is the heart of Passover. It is retold every year on the Seder night: how a free people was born out of the house of bondage.

  1. SlaveryThe descendants of Jacob multiply in Egypt, and Pharaoh, fearing them, enslaves the people — harsh labor, bricks and mortar.
  2. MosesFrom a bush that burns yet is not consumed, God sends Moses to bring the people out of Egypt. So the road to freedom begins.
  3. “Let my people go”Again and again Moses and Aaron come to Pharaoh demanding, “Let my people go.” But Pharaoh's heart is hardened.
  4. The ten plaguesEgypt is struck by ten plagues — from blood and frogs to darkness. Each shows that the people's freedom lies in God's hand, not Pharaoh's.
  5. The night of PassoverOn the final night, the death of the firstborn “passes over” (pasach) the homes marked with the lamb's blood. The people eat roast, matzah and bitter herbs, ready to depart.
  6. The ExodusAt dawn Pharaoh lets the people go. They leave so hastily the dough has no time to rise — hence matzah, the bread of freedom.
  7. The parting of the seaAt the sea, hemmed between the water and Pharaoh's army, the people see a miracle: the waters part, and they pass through on dry ground to freedom.
  8. FreedomSo a free people is born out of the house of bondage. Ahead lie the desert, Sinai and the Torah; but the beginning of it all is this night.
The memory of freedom
We were slaves to Pharaoh in Egypt — and He brought us out from there with a mighty hand.